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液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)化(hua)制(zhi)冷(leng)是利用液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)化(hua)時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)熱(re)(re)(re)、冷(leng)凝(ning)時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)放(fang)熱(re)(re)(re)效應來(lai)實現制(zhi)冷(leng)的(de)(de)(de)。液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)化(hua)形成(cheng)蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。當液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)（制(zhi)冷(leng)工質）處在密閉的(de)(de)(de)容(rong)器(qi)中(zhong)時(shi)(shi)，此(ci)(ci)容(rong)器(qi)中(zhong)除了(le)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)及液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)本身所產生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)外，不存在其他(ta)任何氣體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)，液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)和(he)蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)將在某一(yi)(yi)壓(ya)(ya)力下達到(dao)平(ping)(ping)衡，此(ci)(ci)時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)飽和(he)蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，壓(ya)(ya)力稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)飽和(he)壓(ya)(ya)力，溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)飽和(he)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)。平(ping)(ping)衡時(shi)(shi)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)不再汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)化(hua)，這時(shi)(shi)如(ru)果(guo)將一(yi)(yi)部分(fen)蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)從容(rong)器(qi)中(zhong)抽走，液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)必然要繼續(xu)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)化(hua)產生(sheng)(sheng)一(yi)(yi)部分(fen)蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)來(lai)維持這一(yi)(yi)平(ping)(ping)衡。 液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)化(hua)時(shi)(shi)要吸(xi)收熱(re)(re)(re)量(liang)(liang)，此(ci)(ci)熱(re)(re)(re)量(liang)(liang)稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)化(hua)潛(qian)熱(re)(re)(re)。汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)化(hua)潛(qian)熱(re)(re)(re)來(lai)自被冷(leng)卻對象，使(shi)被冷(leng)卻對象變冷(leng)。為(wei)(wei)了(le)使(shi)這一(yi)(yi)過(guo)程連續(xu)進(jin)行，就必須從容(rong)器(qi)中(zhong)不斷地(di)抽走蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，并使(shi)其凝(ning)結成(cheng)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)后再回到(dao)容(rong)器(qi)中(zhong)去。從容(rong)器(qi)中(zhong)抽出的(de)(de)(de)蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)如(ru)直接冷(leng)凝(ning)成(cheng)蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，則所需冷(leng)卻介質的(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)比液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)發溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)還要低，我(wo)們希望蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)冷(leng)凝(ning)是在常(chang)(chang)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)下進(jin)行，因此(ci)(ci)需要將蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)力提高到(dao)常(chang)(chang)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)下的(de)(de)(de)飽和(he)壓(ya)(ya)力。

制冷(leng)(leng)工(gong)質將在低溫、低壓(ya)(ya)下蒸(zheng)發，產生冷(leng)(leng)效(xiao)應；并在常(chang)溫、高壓(ya)(ya)下冷(leng)(leng)凝，向(xiang)周圍環境(jing)或冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)介(jie)質放出熱量。蒸(zheng)汽在常(chang)溫、高壓(ya)(ya)下冷(leng)(leng)凝后(hou)變(bian)為高壓(ya)(ya)液(ye)體(ti)，還需(xu)要將其壓(ya)(ya)力降(jiang)低到(dao)蒸(zheng)發壓(ya)(ya)力后(hou)才(cai)能進入容(rong)器。液(ye)體(ti)汽化制冷(leng)(leng)循環是由工(gong)質汽化、蒸(zheng)汽升壓(ya)(ya)、高壓(ya)(ya)蒸(zheng)汽冷(leng)(leng)凝、高壓(ya)(ya)液(ye)體(ti)降(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)四(si)個過程組成。